You are well informed. Most people are surprised to find out about the effect that S0x particulate has in cooling the planet.

The estimates on this cooling are fairly large, ranging from 0.4C to 0.8C. There is a high degree of uncertainty because direct measurements haven't been made. No one knows.

Personally I think it's probably about 0.6C.

This is based on the observation that we are feeling 1.2C of warming. We know that warming is being masked. We know that we found 40% more energy than expected in the oceans.

The most logical conclusion is that the masked warming should be in the 0.5C-0.6C range. Roughly 40% of the 1.2C we are currently observing.

This also brings warming in line with what you would expect from the paleoclimate data. At 400ppm warming was about 4C over our baseline. You would expect warming to be around 2C at this point and it gives us a sense of when warming will level off.

In about 40-60 years at the current rate of warming.

Faster if we keeping dumping CO2 into the atmosphere. Much, much faster if we keep using natural gas.