Global surface air temperature increase relative to the average for 1850–1900, the designated pre-industrial reference period, based on several global temperature datasets shown as 5-year averages since 1850 (left) and as annual averages since 1967 (right). Credit: C3S/ECMWF.
Monthly global mean atmospheric CO2 (left) and CH4 (right) column-averaged concentration from satellites for 2003–2023 (grey curve) and 12-month average (red curve). Data source: C3S/Obs4MIPs (v4.5) consolidated (2003–2022) and CAMS preliminary near real-time data (2023) GOSAT (CH4) and GOSAT-2 (CO2) records. Spatial range: 60S — 60N over land. Credit: C3S/CAMS/ECMWF/University of Bremen/SRON.