Basically this is the same idea that's the basis for "Snow Piercer". Drop the amount of water in the atmosphere and the temp will come down quickly.

They use a catalyst like the "ice-9" in Vonnegut's book. Instead of doing some of the water, it does all the water. Bingo, frozen planet.

This is also the basis of the story in "The Colony". They try to cool things down with a Climate Hack and create a quick freeze reaction that gets out of control.

Solutions like this make me nervous. They never end well in the movies.